23.1 Notes and Reflection

American History 10- 23.1 Notes

I.                     A New Deal Fights the Depression

A.      America Gets a New Deal because of Depression, unemployment (lack of work).  Good hope.

1.        Electing Franklin Delano Roosevelt (________)

a.        Democrat defeats ________________ in1932 (won 42 out of 48 states)

b.       “Can-do” attitude, friendly and confident

2.        Waiting for _______________to take over

a.        During 4 months after election FDR chose “_______________”

b.       Program to alleviate G.D. was called _______________

c.        New Deal Goals: 

·         _______________for needy

·         _______________

·         Financial _______________

3.        _______________: during his first 100 days as president, FDR passed 15 bills expanding the federal government’s role in economy

                                                b. _______________- bank holiday

                c. Emergency Bank Relief Act : inspected banks.  Reassured public  trusts of banks.

                                            4. An Important Fireside Chat

                a. _______________was a radio talk about issues of public concern ­à clear explanations of New Deal measures

                b. President explained the Banking system and restored public confidence

            5. Regulating Banks and Finance

                a. Glass-Steagall Act- established ____________________________. Provided federal insurance for accounts up to $5000.  Now it insures accounts up to $_____

                b. _______________- required corporations to provide info on stock to government. 

                c. Securities Exchange Commission or _______________ – (1934) regulated stock market

                d. 21^st Amendment repeals _______________ (1933)

B.       Helping the American People- Relief programs helped _______________ who were the worst hit by economic Depression

1.        _______________Assistance

a.        _______________- Agricultural Adjustment Act

·         _______________paid cotton growers $200 million to plow under their fields

·         _______________ paid farmers to sell less, prices raise

·         _______________paid for 6 million pig slaughters

·         _______________upset because of hunger

b.       _______________- Tennessee Valley Authority

·         _______________5 dams/ _______________20 new ones

·         Created _______________

·         _______________control

·         _______________power

2.        Providing work projects- relief programs and cash payments

a.        Civilian Conservation Corps or _______________

·         Men (18-25) built roads, parks, planted trees, ecosystem projects –planted millions of _______________ à prevent another Dust Bowl

b.       NIRA- National Industrial Recovery Act : government money to create schools and other community buildings

·         4 million immediate jobs

·         built 40,000 _______________

·         paid salaries of 50, 000 _______________in rural areas

·         built half a million (500,000) miles of _____________

3.        Promoting Fair Practices

a.        NIRA created NRA- National Recovery Administration

·         Set prices and standards

·         _______________through interrupting wage cuts, falling prices, and layoffs

b.       NIRA guaranteed workers’ right to unionize and bargain collectively

c.        Businesses and politicians dislike NIRA

4.        Food, Clothing, and Shelter

a.        Home Owners Loan Cooperation-government loans to avoid foreclosure

b.       National Housing Act- loans for mortgages and repairs

c.        John Maynard Keynes- British economist founds idea of _______________

d.       FERA- Federal Emergency Relief Administration

·         Relief for needy, $500 million government direct relief

C. New Deal Comes Under Attack

·         Public is confident and happy but Depression did not _____________

·         _______________was using Deficit Spending( spending more money than a government receives in revenue)

·         _______________critics: New Deal not enough for poor or to reform National Economic system

·         _______________critics: too much power over agriculture and industry/ too much deficit spending

·         NOT _______________! ( free market economy)

1.        Supreme Court Reacts

a.        NIRA _______________

b.       AAA _______________ ( states help, not federal gov.)

c.        (1937) “Court Packing Bill”- FDR tried to hire 6 more Supreme court Justices? Protested, not _______________

d.       Hugo Black appointed to Supreme Court (liberal- a help to FDR)

e.        Due to resignations, FDR appoints ­­­___ new supreme court justices

2.        3 fiery critics

a.        _______________Charles Coughlin

·         Initial supporter of the New Deal.  Had radio shows with 40-45 million listeners

·         Favored guaranteed annual income and nationalized banks

·         Lost support because he was an _______________

b.       ______ Francis Townsend- physician and health officer in CA

·         Idea for a pension plan for the elderly

c.        _______________- senator from LA

·         Guarantee everyone a home, food and clothes!

·         Had 27,000 “Share-Our-Wealth Clubs”.  Boasted 7.5 million members

·         Was assassinated before he could run for President in 1936

NOTE- Reflections named after sections are always a minimum 4 sentences that you write connecting to the topic.  Students can just remark on something from that section or the best is when they compare it to what they know and show they understand how relevant it is to their lives.  Summaries will NOT be given credit on the next notebook check.  If you are uncertain how to write a reflection instead of a summary, see P. Cook.
Sample writing prompts-
1. What would you prefer- a president who will pass a lot of bills trying to help the economy, etc. even if they are controversial and risky or a president who does not want to take risk and to "stay the course" and "weather the storm"? Explain your opinion.
2. Do you consider yourself liberal or conservative? Why or why not?
3. Do you agree or disagree with the bills in this section passed by FDR? Explain your opinion.